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// DOSSIER — amnesty-international-warns-india-arms-exports-israel
Amnesty International Warns India of Complicity Risks in Gaza Conflict via Arms Exports to Israel
REL_TIME: 03 Aug 2026 08:27Z · LANG: EN
A report published by Amnesty International, titled 'Made in India: The Supply of Weapons and Ammunition to Israel,' documents extensive military exports from Indian state-owned and private firms to Israeli defense suppliers between October 7, 2023, and November 30, 2025. Analyzing shipment-level trade data and customs records, the report identified at least 2,596 military-related consignments, including small arms parts, explosive ordnance, and armored vehicle components. Amnesty warns that by authorizing these shipments despite provisional measures from the International Court of Justice and warnings of genocide in Gaza, New Delhi risks complicity in violations of international humanitarian law. Indian officials maintain that exports are governed by national interest and strategic defense commitments.
// Background
India formally recognized Israel in 1950 and established full diplomatic relations in 1992. Defense ties expanded significantly following the 1999 Kargil conflict, with Israel becoming a major supplier of radar, drones, and missile technology to India. Under Prime Minister Narendra Modi's administration, the relationship evolved into co-production and joint ventures under the 'Make in India' initiative. While historically aligned with Non-Aligned Movement principles supporting Palestinian statehood, India has increasingly deepened its strategic and defense alignment with Israel, despite ongoing scrutiny over the humanitarian crisis in Gaza and international legal proceedings at the International Court of Justice.
// Key Developments
- Amnesty International identified 2,596 shipments of weapons, ammunition, and military components sent from India to Israel between October 2023 and November 2025.
- Exported items include over 390,000 small arms parts, 564,000 explosive ordnance components, and 298 military vehicle parts supplied to major Israeli defense firms like Elbit Systems, IAI, and Rafael.
- The supply chain involves state-owned Defence Public Sector Undertakings like Munitions India Limited alongside private companies and Indo-Israeli joint ventures.
- Amnesty calls for an immediate arms embargo, arguing India is violating its obligations under the Genocide Convention and Geneva Conventions.
- The Indian government and its judiciary have previously rejected calls to halt defense exports, citing executive authority over foreign policy and national security interests.
// Timeline
-
India formally recognizes the State of Israel.
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India and Israel establish full diplomatic relations.
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Following the Kargil conflict, Israel emerges as a critical defense partner for India.
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India abstains from voting on the United Nations Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) and chooses not to sign or ratify it.
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Hamas attacks southern Israel, initiating the military campaign in Gaza.
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The International Court of Justice issues provisional measures ordering Israel to prevent genocidal acts in Gaza.
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Missile fragments bearing 'Made in India' markings are filmed following an Israeli strike on a UN shelter in Nuseirat.
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The Supreme Court of India dismisses a legal petition seeking to halt defense exports to Israel, citing executive prerogative.
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External Affairs Minister Subrahmanyam Jaishankar reaffirms that defense exports are driven by national interest.
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Amnesty International publishes its investigation detailing 2,596 military exports from India to Israel.
// Perspectives
[Amnesty International]
Urges an immediate embargo on all military transfers to Israel, arguing that Indian state-owned and private suppliers are actively enabling grave international law violations and potential genocide in Gaza.
[Indian Government]
Defends defense trade relations as being aligned with national interest and strategic security partnerships, maintaining that foreign policy decisions fall strictly under executive discretion.
[UN Experts and Civil Society Advocates]
Warn that continued material and military support to Israel exposes third-party nations and corporations to legal liability and complicity in international crimes.
// Quotes
“The Indian government must immediately stop authorizing exports of weapons, ammunition, and parts to Israel.”
“In light of the International Court of Justice’s provisional measures orders recognizing a plausible risk of genocide against Palestinians in Gaza, the Indian authorities cannot credibly argue that they did not know that continuing to authorize and facilitate arms transfers to Israel carries a substantial risk of contributing to serious violations of international law.”
“The issue of India's exports, including India's exports of anything which directly or indirectly has any military implications, is guided by our national interest and by our commitments to various regimes.”
